• Shotaro Aso, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, and Hideo Yasunaga.
• 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 2Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
• Crit. Care Med. 2016 Nov 1; 44 (11): 1974-1979.

ObjectivesThe role of intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock patients remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on reducing mortality of cardiogenic shock patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination national inpatient database.PatientsCardiogenic shock adult patients receiving peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at admission were identified in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database from July 1, 2010, to March 31, 2013.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsThe primary outcomes were all-cause 28-day mortality and in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was the proportion of patients weaned from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, using propensity score matching. Eligible patients (n = 1,650) were divided into the intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group (n = 604) and the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-alone group (n = 1,064). Propensity score matching created matched cohort of 533 pairs. In the propensity score-matched analysis, all-cause 28-day mortality and in-hospital mortality were significantly lower in the intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group than the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-alone group (48.4% vs 58.2%; p = 0.001 and 55.9% vs 64.5%; p = 0.004, respectively). In Cox regression, there was a significant difference in survival between the intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group and the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients weaned from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was significantly higher in the intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group than in the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-alone group (82.6% vs 73.4%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a national inpatient database, intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was associated with improved mortality and successful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Randomized controlled studies are required to confirm the mortality-reducing effect of intraaortic balloon pumping combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

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