• Kiry M Schene, Elske van den Berg, Roelie M Wösten-van Asperen, Rick R van Rijn, Albert P Bos, and Job B M van Woensel.
• Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2014 Nov 1; 49 (11): 1138-44.

ObjectiveRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in infants. ARDS is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by severe hypoxemia, defined as PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio <300 mmHg. This ratio is used in many trials as the sole oxygenation criterion for ARDS. Recently, however, it has been shown in adults with ARDS that FiO(2), independently of the PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio predicts mortality. Because epidemiology and outcome of ARDS differ strongly between children and adults, we determined if FiO(2) on admission (baseline FiO(2)) independently predicted the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and length of stay (LOS) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in infants with RSV-induced ARDS.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingA 14-bed pediatric intensive care unit.PatientsOne hundred twenty-nine mechanically ventilated infants with RSV-induced ARDS.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsIndependent predictors for outcome, including baseline FiO(2) and PEEP, were analyzed using the cox regression model. Endpoints were duration of MV and LOS in the PICU. A higher baseline FiO(2) was independently associated with a longer duration of MV (HR 0.12, CI 0.02-0.87, P = 0.036) and increased LOS in the PICU (HR 0.09, CI 0.01-0.57, P = 0.023). Neither baseline PEEP nor PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio correlated with outcome.ConclusionsFiO(2) level independently predicted outcome in infants with RSV-induced ARDS, whereas both PEEP and the PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio did not. This suggests that FiO(2) should be taken into account in defining disease severity in infants with RSV-induced ARDS.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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