• Raffaella Crescenzo, Francesca Bianco, Paola Coppola, Arianna Mazzoli, Luisa Cigliano, Giovanna Liverini, and Susanna Iossa.
• Department of Biology, University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
• Eur J Nutr. 2015 Mar 1; 54 (2): 183-92.

PurposeTo study the effect of isoenergetic administration to adult rats of high-fat or high-fat--high-fructose diet for 2 weeks on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetic.MethodsBody and skeletal muscle composition, energy balance, plasma lipid profile and glucose tolerance were measured, together with mitochondrial functionality, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense.ResultsRats fed high-fat--high-fructose diet exhibited significantly higher plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, together with significantly higher plasma glucose and insulin response to glucose load. Skeletal muscle triglycerides and ceramide were significantly higher in rats fed high-fat--high-fructose diet. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetic efficiency and uncoupling protein 3 content were significantly higher, while adenine nucleotide translocase content was significantly lower, in rats fed high-fat or high-fat--high-fructose diet.ConclusionsThe results suggest that a high-fat--high-fructose diet even without hyperphagia is able to increase lipid flow to skeletal muscle and mitochondrial energetic efficiency, with two detrimental effects: (a) energy sparing that contributes to the early onset of obesity and (b) reduced oxidation of fatty acids and lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, which could generate insulin resistance.

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