• Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner, Rikke Baastrup Nordsborg, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Anne Tjønneland, Steffen Loft, and Ole Raaschou-Nielsen.
• Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Environ. Health Perspect. 2014 Oct 1; 122 (10): 1059-65.

BackgroundEstablished causes of diabetes do not fully explain the present epidemic. High-level arsenic exposure has been implicated in diabetes risk, but the effect of low-level arsenic exposure in drinking water remains unclear.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether long-term exposure to low-level arsenic in drinking water in Denmark is associated with an increased risk of diabetes using a large prospective cohort.MethodsDuring 1993-1997, we recruited 57,053 persons. We followed each cohort member for diabetes occurrence from enrollment until 31 December 2006. We traced and geocoded residential addresses of the cohort members and used a geographic information system to link addresses with water-supply areas. We estimated individual exposure to arsenic using all addresses from 1 January 1971 until the censoring date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to model the association between arsenic exposure and diabetes incidence, separately for two definitions of diabetes: all cases and a more strict definition in which cases of diabetes based solely on blood glucose results were excluded.ResultsOver a mean follow-up period of 9.7 years for 52,931 eligible participants, there were a total of 4,304 (8.1%) diabetes cases, and 3,035 (5.8%) cases of diabetes based on the more strict definition. The adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) per 1-μg/L increment in arsenic levels in drinking water were as follows: IRR = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.06) and IRR = 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.05) for all and strict diabetes cases, respectively.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to low-level arsenic in drinking water may contribute to the development of diabetes.

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