• Kevin O Maher and James S Tweddell.
• 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. 2Department of Surgery, Heart Institute, Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2016 Aug 1; 17 (8 Suppl 1): S131-9.

ObjectivesIn this review, we will discuss aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, and mitral stenosis. We will review the etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of aortic and mitral valve disease. Age and lesion specific treatments are outlined based on the severity of valve disease with an aim at long-term preservation of left ventricular function.Data SourceMEDLINE and PubMed.ConclusionsMitral and aortic valve disease leads to unique hemodynamic burdens that can impact left ventricular function, quality of life, and longevity. The primary challenge in the management of mitral and aortic valve disease is to apply appropriate medical management and identify that point in time at which the surgery is necessary. Although guidelines have been established for the management of aortic and mitral valve disease in adults, the challenges of early presentation, maintenance of growth potential, and apparent increased tolerance of hemodynamic burden in children makes decision making challenging.

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