• Paul E Goss, Kathrin Strasser-Weippl, Brittany L Lee-Bychkovsky, Lei Fan, Junjie Li, Yanin Chavarri-Guerra, Pedro E R Liedke, C S Pramesh, Tanja Badovinac-Crnjevic, Yuri Sheikine, Zhu Chen, You-lin Qiao, Zhiming Shao, Yi-Long Wu, Daiming Fan, Louis W C Chow, Jun Wang, Qiong Zhang, Shiying Yu, Gordon Shen, Jie He, Arnie Purushotham, Richard Sullivan, Rajendra Badwe, Shripad D Banavali, Reena Nair, Lalit Kumar, Purvish Parikh, Somasundarum Subramanian, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Subramania Iyer, Surendra Srinivas Shastri, Raghunadhrao Digumarti, Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Dauren Adilbay, Vladimir Semiglazov, Sergey Orlov, Dilyara Kaidarova, Ilya Tsimafeyeu, Sergei Tatishchev, Kirill D Danishevskiy, Marc Hurlbert, Caroline Vail, Jessica St Louis, and Arlene Chan.
• Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Avon Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: pgoss@partners.org.
• Lancet Oncol.. 2014 Apr 1;15(5):489-538.

AbstractCancer is one of the major non-communicable diseases posing a threat to world health. Unfortunately, improvements in socioeconomic conditions are usually associated with increased cancer incidence. In this Commission, we focus on China, India, and Russia, which share rapidly rising cancer incidence and have cancer mortality rates that are nearly twice as high as in the UK or the USA, vast geographies, growing economies, ageing populations, increasingly westernised lifestyles, relatively disenfranchised subpopulations, serious contamination of the environment, and uncontrolled cancer-causing communicable infections. We describe the overall state of health and cancer control in each country and additional specific issues for consideration: for China, access to care, contamination of the environment, and cancer fatalism and traditional medicine; for India, affordability of care, provision of adequate health personnel, and sociocultural barriers to cancer control; and for Russia, monitoring of the burden of cancer, societal attitudes towards cancer prevention, effects of inequitable treatment and access to medicine, and a need for improved international engagement.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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