• Andreas H Groll, Elio Castagnola, Simone Cesaro, Jean-Hugues Dalle, Dan Engelhard, William Hope, Emmanuel Roilides, Jan Styczynski, Adilia Warris, Thomas Lehrnbecher, Fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood Marrow Transplantation (EBMT-IDWP), Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC-IDG), International Immunocompromised Host Society (ICHS), and European Leukaemia Net (ELN).
• Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: grollan@ukmuenster.de.
• Lancet Oncol.. 2014 Jul 1;15(8):e327-40.

AbstractInvasive opportunistic fungal diseases (IFDs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients with cancer and those who have had an allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Apart from differences in underlying disorders and comorbidities relative to those of adults, IFDs in infants, children, and adolescents are unique with respect to their epidemiology, the usefulness of diagnostic methods, the pharmacology and dosing of antifungal agents, and the absence of interventional phase 3 clinical trials for guidance of evidence-based decisions. To better define the state of knowledge on IFDs in paediatric patients with cancer and allogeneic HSCT and to improve IFD diagnosis, prevention, and management, the Fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4) in 2011 convened a group that reviewed the scientific literature on IFDs and graded the available quality of evidence according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America grading system. The final considerations and recommendations of the group are summarised in this manuscript.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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