• Kezhong Chen, Jingbo Zhang, Tian Guan, Fan Yang, Feng Lou, Wei Chen, Mingyu Zhao, Jay Zhang, Siyi Chen, and Jun Wang.
• Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2017 Sep 1; 154 (3): 1123-1131.e2.

ObjectiveNoninvasive liquid biopsies of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to assess non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but previous work focused on patients with advanced-stage cancer. Thus, we evaluated the feasibility and their potential clinical application of circulating tumor DNA approached for surgical patients with NSCLC.MethodConsecutive patients with suspected lung cancer who underwent curative-intent lung resection were enrolled prospectively in this study. Targeted DNA sequencing with a next-generation sequencing platform was used to identify a series of somatic mutations in matched tumor tissue DNA (tDNA) and plasma ctDNA samples. Plasma was collected before, during, and after surgery. Concordance was defined as matched tDNA and ctDNA with the same identified mutations or with no mutations.ResultsIn the enrolled 76 patients with lung cancer who were included, 31 had concordant mutations and 21 had no mutation in both ctDNA and tDNA, yielding an overall concordance of 68.4%. ctDNA samples obtained before and during surgery had the same mutations with a low variance in mutation frequency (1.2%) that was reduced to an average of 0.28% after surgery (P < .001). More patients were positive as assayed by ctDNA (48; 63.2%) than with serum tumor protein markers (36; 49.3%). The area under the curve was greater in ctDNA (0.887, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.788-0.986) than for the 2 prediction models (0.803, 95% CI, 0.647-0.959; 0.69, 95% CI, 0.512-0.869) for estimating malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules.ConclusionctDNA mutation analysis for stage I-III surgical patients with NSCLC is feasible. More studies are needed to investigate its clinical application.Copyright © 2017 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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