• Maryse C Cnossen, Jilske A Huijben, Mathieu van der Jagt, Victor Volovici, Thomas van Essen, Suzanne Polinder, David Nelson, Ari Ercole, Nino Stocchetti, Giuseppe Citerio, Wilco C Peul, MaasAndrew I RAIRDepartment of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium., David Menon, Ewout W Steyerberg, Hester F Lingsma, and CENTER-TBI investigators.
• Center for Medical Decision Making, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.c.cnossen@erasmusmc.nl.
• Crit Care. 2017 Sep 6; 21 (1): 233.

BackgroundNo definitive evidence exists on how intracranial hypertension should be treated in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is therefore likely that centers and practitioners individually balance potential benefits and risks of different intracranial pressure (ICP) management strategies, resulting in practice variation. The aim of this study was to examine variation in monitoring and treatment policies for intracranial hypertension in patients with TBI.MethodsA 29-item survey on ICP monitoring and treatment was developed on the basis of literature and expert opinion, and it was pilot-tested in 16 centers. The questionnaire was sent to 68 neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study.ResultsThe survey was completed by 66 centers (97% response rate). Centers were mainly academic hospitals (n = 60, 91%) and designated level I trauma centers (n = 44, 67%). The Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines were used in 49 (74%) centers. Approximately 90% of the participants (n = 58) indicated placing an ICP monitor in patients with severe TBI and computed tomographic abnormalities. There was no consensus on other indications or on peri-insertion precautions. We found wide variation in the use of first- and second-tier treatments for elevated ICP. Approximately half of the centers were classified as using a relatively aggressive approach to ICP monitoring and treatment (n = 32, 48%), whereas the others were considered more conservative (n = 34, 52%).ConclusionsSubstantial variation was found regarding monitoring and treatment policies in patients with TBI and intracranial hypertension. The results of this survey indicate a lack of consensus between European neurotrauma centers and provide an opportunity and necessity for comparative effectiveness research.

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