• Yasmin A M Hassen, Maximilian J Johnston, Pritam Singh, Philip H Pucher, and Ara Darzi.
• Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• Ann. Surg. 2019 Jun 1; 269 (6): 1064-1072.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to prioritize key factors contributing to safety on the surgical ward BACKGROUND:: There is a variation in the quality and safety of postoperative care between institutions. These variations may be attributed to a combination of process-related issues and structural factors. The aim of this study is to reach a consensus, by means of Delphi methodology, on the most influential of these components that may determine safety in this environment.MethodsThe Delphi questionnaire was delivered via an online questionnaire platform. The panel were blinded. An international panel of safety experts, both clinical and nonclinical, and safety advocates participated. Individuals were selected according to their expertise and extent of involvement in patient safety research, regulation, or patient advocacy.ResultsExperts in patient safety from the UK, Europe, North America, and Australia participated. The panel identified the response to a deteriorating patient and the care of outlier patients as error-prone processes. Prioritized structural factors included organizational and environmental considerations such as use of temporary staff, out-of-hours reduction in services, ward cleanliness, and features of layout. The latter includes dedicated areas for medication preparation and adequate space around the patient for care delivery. Potential quality markers for safe care that achieved the highest consensus include leadership, visibility between patients and nurses, and nursing team skill mix and staffing levels.ConclusionInternational consensus was achieved for a number of factors across process-related and structural themes that may influence safety in the postoperative environment. These should be championed and prioritized for future improvements in patient safety at the ward-level.

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