• Min-Shan Tsai, Po-Ya Chuang, Chien-Hua Huang, Chao-Hsiun Tang, Ping-Hsun Yu, Wei-Tien Chang, and Wen-Jone Chen.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
• Crit. Care Med. 2019 Feb 1; 47 (2): 167-175.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the ramifications of steroid use during postarrest care.DesignRetrospective observational population-based study enrolled patients during years 2004-2011 with 1-year follow-up.SettingTaiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.PatientsAdult nontraumatic cardiac arrest patients in the emergency department, who survived to admission.InterventionsThese patients were classified into the steroid and nonsteroid groups based on whether steroid was used or not during hospitalization. A propensity score was used to match patient underlying characteristics, steroid use prior to cardiac arrest, the vasopressors, and shockable rhythm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hospital level, and socioeconomic status.Measurements And Main ResultsThere were 5,445 patients in each group after propensity score matching. A total of 4,119 patients (75.65%) in the steroid group died during hospitalization, as compared with 4,403 patients (80.86%) in the nonsteroid group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.70-0.77; p < 0.0001). The mortality rate at 1 year was significantly lower in the steroid group than in the nonsteroid group (83.54% vs 87.77%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70-0.76; p < 0.0001). Steroid use during hospitalization was associated with survival to discharge, regardless of age, gender, underlying diseases (diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma), shockable rhythm, and steroid use prior to cardiac arrest.ConclusionsIn this retrospective observational study, postarrest steroid use was associated with better survival to hospital discharge and 1-year survival.

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