• Arthur Bailly, Jean-Damien Ricard, Aurelie Le Thuaut, Julie Helms, Toufik Kamel, Emmanuelle Mercier, Virginie Lemiale, Gwenhael Colin, Jean-Paul Mira, Raphaël Clere-Jehl, Jonathan Messika, Pierre-Francois Dequin, Thierry Boulain, Elie Azoulay, Benoit Champigneulle, Jean Reignier, Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste JB Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Nantes, France., and Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Group (CRICS-TRIGGERSEP).
• Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, District Hospital Center, La Roche-sur-Yon, France.
• Crit. Care Med. 2019 Apr 1; 47 (4): e340-e348.

ObjectivesSevere hypoxemia is the most common serious adverse event during endotracheal intubation. Preoxygenation is performed routinely as a preventive measure. The relative efficacy of the various available preoxygenation devices is unclear. Here, our objective was to assess associations between preoxygenation devices and pulse oximetry values during endotracheal intubation.DesignPost hoc analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled superiority trial (McGrath Mac Videolaryngoscope Versus Macintosh Laryngoscope [MACMAN]) comparing videolaryngoscopy to Macintosh laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in critical care.SettingSeven French ICUs.PatientsThree-hundred nineteen of the 371 critically ill adults requiring endotracheal intubation who were included in the MACMAN trial.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsMinimal pulse oximetry value during endotracheal intubation was the primary endpoint. We also sought risk factors for pulse oximetry below 90%. Of 319 patients, 157 (49%) had bag-valve-mask, 71 (22%) noninvasive ventilation, 71 (22%) non-rebreathing mask, and 20 (7%) high-flow nasal oxygen for preoxygenation. Factors independently associated with minimal pulse oximetry value were the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II severity score (p = 0.03), baseline pulse oximetry (p < 0.001), baseline PaO2/FIO2 ratio (p = 0.02), and number of laryngoscopies (p = 0.001). The only independent predictors of pulse oximetry less than 90% were baseline pulse oximetry (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64-0.79; p < 0.001) and preoxygenation device: with bag-valve-mask as the reference, odds ratios were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.25-4.92) with non-rebreathing mask, 0.10 (95% CI, 0.01-0.80) with noninvasive ventilation, and 5.75 (95% CI, 1.15-28.75) with high-flow nasal oxygen.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the main determinants of hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation may be related to critical illness severity and to preexisting hypoxemia. The differences across preoxygenation methods suggest that noninvasive ventilation may deserve preference in patients with marked hypoxemia before endotracheal intubation. Ongoing studies will provide further clarification about the optimal preoxygenation method for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients.

19 keywords...

hide…