• Melania M Bembea, Derek K Ng, Nicole Rizkalla, Peter Rycus, Javier J Lasa, Heidi Dalton, Alexis A Topjian, Ravi R Thiagarajan, Vinay M Nadkarni, Elizabeth A Hunt, and American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines – Resuscitation Investigators.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
• Crit. Care Med. 2019 Apr 1; 47 (4): e278-e285.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine cardiac arrest- and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.DesignWe performed an analysis of merged data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and the American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registries.SettingA total of 32 hospitals reporting to both registries between 2000 and 2014.PatientsChildren younger than 18 years old who suffered in-hospital cardiac arrest and underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsOf the 593 children included in the final cohort, 240 (40.5%) died prior to decannulation from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 352 (59.4%) died prior to hospital discharge. A noncardiac diagnosis and preexisting renal insufficiency were associated with increased odds of death (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.19-2.89] and 4.74 [95% CI, 2.06-10.9], respectively). The median time from onset of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation event to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation was 48 minutes (interquartile range, 28-70 min). Longer time from onset of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation event to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation was associated with higher odds of death prior to hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio for each 5 additional minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07]). Each individual adverse event documented during the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course, including neurologic, pulmonary, renal, metabolic, cardiovascular and hemorrhagic, was associated with higher odds of death, with higher odds as the cumulative number of documented adverse events during the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course increased.ConclusionsOutcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation reported by linking two national registries are encouraging. Noncardiac diagnoses, preexisting renal insufficiency, longer time from onset of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation event to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, and adverse events during the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course are associated with worse outcomes.

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