• Leigh Jeanna Parsons JP Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. , Grood Chloe de C Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada., Sofia B Ahmed, Ania C Ulrich, Kirsten M Fiest, Sharon E Straus, and Henry T Stelfox.
• Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
• Crit. Care Med. 2019 Apr 1; 47 (4): e286-e291.

ObjectivesCritical care medicine is a medical specialty where women remain underrepresented relative to men. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived drivers (i.e., influencing factors) and implications (i.e., associated consequences) of gender inequity in critical care medicine and determine strategies to attract and retain women.DesignQualitative interview-based study.SettingWe recruited participants from the 13 Canadian Universities with adult critical care medicine training programs.ParticipantsWe invited all faculty members (clinical and academic) and trainees to participate in a semistructured telephone interview and purposely aimed to recruit two faculty members (one woman and one man) and one trainee from each site. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and two investigators conducted thematic analysis.InterventionsNot applicable.Measurements And Main ResultsThree-hundred seventy-one faculty members (20% women, 80% men) and 105 trainees (28% women, 72% men) were invited to participate, 48 participants were required to achieve saturation. Participants unanimously described critical care medicine as a specialty practiced predominantly by men. Most women described experiences of being personally or professionally impacted by gender inequity in their group. Postulated drivers of the gender gap included institutional and interpersonal factors. Mentorship programs that span institutions, targeted policies to support family planning, and opportunities for modified role descriptions were common strategies suggested to attract and retain women.ConclusionsParticipants identified a gender gap in critical care medicine and provided important insight into the impact for personal, professional, and group dynamics. Recommended improvement strategies are feasible, map broadly onto reported drivers and implications, and are applicable to critical care medicine and more broadly throughout medical specialties.

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