• Jiang Yu, Changming Huang, Yihong Sun, Xiangqian Su, Hui Cao, Jiankun Hu, Kuan Wang, Jian Suo, Kaixiong Tao, Xianli He, Hongbo Wei, Mingang Ying, Weiguo Hu, Xiaohui Du, Yanfeng Hu, Hao Liu, Chaohui Zheng, Ping Li, Jianwei Xie, Fenglin Liu, Ziyu Li, Gang Zhao, Kun Yang, Chunxiao Liu, Haojie Li, Pingyan Chen, Jiafu Ji, Guoxin Li, and Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (CLASS) Group.
• Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
• JAMA. 2019 May 28; 321 (20): 1983-1992.

ImportanceLaparoscopic distal gastrectomy is accepted as a more effective approach to conventional open distal gastrectomy for early-stage gastric cancer. However, efficacy for locally advanced gastric cancer remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo compare 3-year disease-free survival for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy or open distal gastrectomy.Design, Setting, And PatientsThe study was a noninferiority, open-label, randomized clinical trial at 14 centers in China. A total of 1056 eligible patients with clinical stage T2, T3, or T4a gastric cancer without bulky nodes or distant metastases were enrolled from September 2012 to December 2014. Final follow-up was on December 31, 2017.InterventionsParticipants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio after stratification by site, age, cancer stage, and histology to undergo either laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (n = 528) or open distal gastrectomy (n = 528) with D2 lymphadenectomy.Main Outcomes And MeasuresThe primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival with a noninferiority margin of -10% to compare laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with open distal gastrectomy. Secondary end points of 3-year overall survival and recurrence patterns were tested for superiority.ResultsAmong 1056 patients, 1039 (98.4%; mean age, 56.2 years; 313 [30.1%] women) had surgery (laparoscopic distal gastrectomy [n=519] vs open distal gastrectomy [n=520]), and 999 (94.6%) completed the study. Three-year disease-free survival rate was 76.5% in the laparoscopic distal gastrectomy group and 77.8% in the open distal gastrectomy group, absolute difference of -1.3% and a 1-sided 97.5% CI of -6.5% to ∞, not crossing the prespecified noninferiority margin. Three-year overall survival rate (laparoscopic distal gastrectomy vs open distal gastrectomy: 83.1% vs 85.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.64; P = .28) and cumulative incidence of recurrence over the 3-year period (laparoscopic distal gastrectomy vs open distal gastrectomy: 18.8% vs 16.5%; subhazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.54; P = .35) did not significantly differ between laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and open distal gastrectomy groups.Conclusions And RelevanceAmong patients with a preoperative clinical stage indicating locally advanced gastric cancer, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, compared with open distal gastrectomy, did not result in inferior disease-free survival at 3 years.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01609309.

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