• Raffaele Piccolo, Fausto Feres, Alexandre Abizaid, Martine Gilard, Marie-Claude Morice, Myeong-Ki Hong, Hyo-Soo Kim, Antonio Colombo, Deepak L Bhatt, Tullio Palmerini, Gregg W Stone, Stephan Windecker, and Marco Valgimigli.
• Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.
• JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 Aug 28; 10 (16): 1621-1630.

ObjectivesThe study sought to evaluate the presence of a clinically relevant rebound phenomenon after dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) discontinuation in randomized trials.BackgroundIt is currently unknown whether clopidogrel discontinuation after short-term DAPT is associated with an early hazard of ischemic events.MethodsThe authors performed an individual participant data analysis and aggregate meta-analysis. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke.ResultsThe study included 11,473 PCI patients with individual participant data from 6 randomized trials comparing short-term DAPT (3 or 6 months) versus long-term DAPT (12 months or more). During the first 90 days following clopidogrel discontinuation, there was no significant increase in the risk of MACCE between patients randomized to short-term DAPT compared with long-term DAPT (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71 to 1.98; p = 0.52; absolute risk difference 0.10%; 95% CI: -0.16% to 0.36%). The risk of MI or stent thrombosis was similar among patients randomized to short-term DAPT versus long-term DAPT (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.90; p = 0.85). In the aggregate data meta-analysis of 11 trials including 38,919 patients, a higher risk of early MACCE was observed after long-term (≥12 months) DAPT duration (HR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.69 to 3.09; p < 0.001) but not short-term (<12 months) DAPT duration (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.74; p for interaction = 0.036).ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing PCI with predominantly new-generation DES, discontinuation of clopidogrel after 3 or 6 months DAPT duration was not associated with an early increase in adverse clinical events. An early increase in MACCE was observed after long-term (≥12 months) DAPT exposure.Copyright © 2017 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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