• Toan T Huynh, Timothy N Liesching, Maurizio Cereda, Yuxiu Lei, Michael J Frazer, Michael R Nahouraii, and Gregory B Diette.
• Division of Acute Care Surgery, The FH "Sammy" Ross Jr Trauma Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC. Electronic address: toan.huynh@atriumhealth.org.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2019 Nov 1; 229 (5): 458-466.e1.

BackgroundPostoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) cause high morbidity and mortality. Targeted treatment for patients at risk for PPCs can improve outcomes. This multicenter prospective trial examined the impact of oscillation and lung expansion (OLE) therapy, using continuous high-frequency oscillation and continuous positive expiratory pressure on PPCs in high-risk patients.MethodsIn stage I, CPT and ICD codes were queried for patients (n = 210) undergoing thoracic, upper abdominal, or aortic open procedures at 3 institutions from December 2014 to April 2016. Patients were selected randomly. Age, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification scores, and PPC rates were determined. In stage II, 209 subjects were enrolled prospectively from October 2016 to July 2017 using the same criteria. Stage II subjects received OLE treatment and standard respiratory care. The PPCs rate (prolonged ventilation, high-level respiratory support, pneumonia, ICU readmission) were compared. We also compared ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and mortality using t-tests and analysis of covariance. Data are mean ± SD.ResultsThere were 419 subjects. Stage II patients were older (61.1 ± 13.7 years vs 57.4 ± 15.5 years; p < 0.05) and had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores. Treatment with OLE decreased PPCs from 22.9% (stage I) to 15.8% (stage II) (p < 0.01 adjusted for age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and operation time). Similarly, OLE treatment reduced ventilator time (23.7 ± 107.5 hours to 8.5 ± 27.5 hours; p < 0.05) and hospital LOS (8.4 ± 7.9 days to 6.8 ± 5.0 days; p < 0.05). No differences in ICU LOS, pneumonia, or mortality were observed.ConclusionsAggressive treatment with OLE reduces PPCs and resource use in high-risk surgical patients.Copyright © 2019 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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