• Iuri Santana Neville, Cintya Yukie Hayashi, Simone Alves El Hajj, Ana Luiza Costa Zaninotto, Juliana Perez Sabino, Leonardo Moura Sousa, Marcia Mitie Nagumo, André Russowsky Brunoni, Barbara Dal Forno Silva Shieh, Robson Luis Oliveira Amorim, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, and Wellingson Silva Paiva.
• Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr Eneas Aguiar, 255 / 4079; 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. iurineville@yahoo.com.br.
• Trials. 2015 Oct 5; 16: 440.

BackgroundRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a new tool in neurological rehabilitation of victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, its usefulness to treat this condition has never been tested rigorously. The primary goal is to conduct a study protocol to determine whether rTMS used to cognitive rehabilitation of victims of TBI with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a safe instrument and if it enhances cognitive function recovery.MethodsDouble-blind randomized controlled trial of patients with diffuse axonal injury. Thirty-six patients will be randomized to either an active coil group or sham group in a 1:1 ratio. rTMS protocol: 10 sessions of high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Cortical Excitability measures will be obtained. Neuropsychological evaluations will be performed 1 week before, 1 week and 3 months after rTMS. There are 2 study hypotheses: (1) rTMS over the left DLPFC in patients with DAI will improve cognitive function and (2) whether rTMS is safe in TBI patients.DiscussionThis study evaluates the immediate and delayed effects of rTMS over the DLPFC on the cognitive domain of patients with DAI following TBI. rTMS has shown good results in treating major depression and may be promising for patients with TBI. As such, the results of this study can greatly modify the cognitive rehabilitation strategies.Trial RegistrationThis trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02167971 ) on 17 June 2014.

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