• Patrick Freund, Maryam Seif, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Karl Friston, Michael G Fehlings, Alan J Thompson, and Armin Curt.
• Spinal Cord Injury Centre Balgrist, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: patrick.freund@balgrist.ch.
• Lancet Neurol. 2019 Dec 1; 18 (12): 1123-1135.

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury occurs when an external physical impact damages the spinal cord and leads to permanent neurological dysfunction and disability, and it is associated with a high socioeconomic burden. Conventional MRI plays a crucial role in the diagnostic workup as it reveals extrinsic compression of the spinal cord and disruption of the discoligamentous complex. Additionally, it can reveal macrostructural evidence of primary intramedullary damage such as haemorrhage, oedema, post-traumatic cystic cavities, and tissue bridges. Quantitative MRI, such as magnetisation transfer, magnetic resonance relaxation mapping, and diffusion imaging, enables the tracking of secondary changes across the neuraxis at the microstructural level. Both conventional MRI and quantitative MRI metrics, obtained early after spinal cord injury, are predictive of clinical outcome. Thus, neuroimaging biomarkers could serve as surrogate endpoints for more efficient future trials targeting acute and chronic spinal cord injury. The adoption of neuroimaging biomarkers in centres for spinal cord injury might lead to personalised patient care.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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