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- Giovanni Abbruzzese, Paolo Barone, Ubaldo Bonuccelli, Leonardo Lopiano, and Angelo Antonini.
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Italy.
- Funct Neurol. 2012 Jul 1; 27 (3): 147-54.
AbstractLong-term oral therapy with levodopa is associated with the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in a large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor complications are associated with a number of non-motor symptoms and have a negative impact on disability and quality of life. There are three therapeutic options available for the management of patients at this advanced stage: high frequency deep brain stimulation, continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine, and continuous intestinal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa. On the basis of published data and in consideration of the risk-benefit profile of current therapeutic strategies, we here propose an algorithm to help clinicians select the most suitable treatment option for patients with advanced PD.
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