• Léon Maggiori, Antoine Brouquet, Philippe Zerbib, Jérémie H Lefevre, Quentin Denost, Adeline Germain, Eddy Cotte, Laura Beyer-Berjot, Nicolas Munoz-Bongrand, Véronique Desfourneaux, Amine Rahili, Jean-Pierre Duffas, Karine Pautrat, Christine Denet, Valérie Bridoux, Guillaume Meurette, Jean-Luc Faucheron, Jérome Loriau, Regis Souche, Eric Vicaut, Yves Panis, Stéphane Benoist, and GETAID chirurgie group.
• Service de Chirurgie Colorectale, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Université Paris VII, Clichy, France.
• Ann. Surg. 2019 Nov 1; 270 (5): 827-834.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess recurrence risk factors following ileocolonic resection (ICR) for Crohn disease (CD) in a nationwide cohort study SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA:: Recurrence rate after ICR for CD can be up to 60%, but its predictive factors have never been evaluated in large prospective cohort studies.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2015, 346 consecutive patients undergoing ICR for CD and a postoperative ileocoloscopy within 6 to 12 months after surgery at 19 academic French centers were included prospectively.ResultsTwelve-month postoperative endoscopic (Rutgeerts score ≥i2) and clinical recurrence rates were 57.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 54.2-61.0] and 11.3% (95% CI, 9-13.6), respectively. A total of 185 patients (54%) had a postoperative CD prophylaxis, comprising thiopurine in 69 (20%), or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in 93 (27%). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, absence of postoperative smoking {odds ratio [OR] = 0.60 (95% CI, 0.40-0.91); P = 0.016}, postoperative prophylaxis [OR = 0.60 (95% CI, 0.41-0.88); P = 0.009], and penetrating disease behavior [OR = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.39-0.86); P = 0.007] were the only independent predictors of reduced endoscopic recurrence risk. Postoperative prophylaxis [OR 0.31 (95% CI, 0.15-0.66); P = 0.002), and penetrating behavior [OR = 00.36 (95% CI, 0.16-0.81); P = 0.013), were the only independent predictors of reduced clinical recurrence risk. Postoperative anti-TNF therapy was associated with a significant reduction of both 12-month risks of endoscopic (P < 0.001) and clinical (P = 0.019) recurrences.ConclusionAbsence of postoperative smoking, CD prophylaxis, and penetrating disease behavior could be independent predictors of reduced postoperative recurrence after ICR for CD. Prophylactic anti-TNF therapy reduces both endoscopic and clinical recurrence rates. It suggests that upfront surgery followed by postoperative anti-TNF therapy is probably the best therapeutic approach for complex CD (penetrating disease behavior).

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