• Guilherme A F Lapin, Bernardo Hochman, Jessica R Maximino, Gerson Chadi, and Lydia M Ferreira.
• Guilherme A. F. Lapin, MD, is a Graduate Student in the Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Bernardo Hochman, MD, PhD, is an Affiliate Professor in the Division of Plastic Surgery and the Coordinator of the Sector of Pathologic Scars in that same division at UNIFESP. Jessica R. Maximino, PhD, is a Neuroscience Researcher in the Translational Neurology Unit at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Gerson Chadi, MD, PhD, is a Professor in the Experimental Neurology Department, Head of the Pathophysiology-LIM45, and Coordinator of the Study Group on Neuroregeneration, all at USP. Lydia M. Ferreira, MD, PhD, is a Professor in the Division of Plastic Surgery at UNIFESP, Researcher IB CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil, and Assistant Coordinator of MED III CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
• Adv Skin Wound Care. 2016 Apr 1; 29 (4): 169-77.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of 2% lidocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 0.75% ropivacaine on the release of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in skin wounds.DesignA primary, experimental, analytical, prospective, self-controlled, blinded study.SettingThe study is set in a university research center.InterventionsTwenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and the control. After general anesthesia, a local anesthetic or 0.9% saline (control) was injected subdermally along a 2-cm line on the dorsal midline of each rat; 30 minutes later, an incision (nociceptive stimulus) was made along this line. The animals were euthanized, and skin samples were collected from the center of the incision line and sent for CGRP and SP quantification.Main Outcome MeasuresQuantification of CGRP and SP by Western blotting.ResultsSubstance P levels were similar in the lidocaine and ropivacaine groups but were significantly lower than those of the control group (P = .002); no significant difference in SP levels was found between the bupivacaine and control groups. Procalcitonin gene-related peptide levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than those in control subjects (P = .009), with no significant differences among the experimental groups. No significant differences in CGRP levels were found among all groups. Lidocaine and ropivacaine inhibited SP release. All 3 local anesthetics inhibited the release of procalcitonin gene-related peptide, but not the release of CGRP in rat skin.ConclusionsLidocaine and ropivacaine may inhibit neurogenic inflammation by biochemical pathways activated by SP, whereas bupivacaine seems to have no influence on this process.

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