• Pain Med · Dec 2019

    Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Pain in Spain: Report from a Population-Based Study.

    • Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo, Ana López-de-Andrés, José Luis Del Barrio, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Marisa Valero-de-Bernabé, and Rodrigo Jiménez-García.
    • Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
    • Pain Med. 2019 Dec 1; 20 (12): 2349-2359.

    ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and characteristics of chronic neck pain, chronic low back pain, and migraine or frequent headaches among Spanish adults in 2014 according to gender, to identify predictors for each of these types of pains, and to compare the prevalence with those found in 2009.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSpain.MethodsWe used data collected from the 2014 European Health Interview Survey (N = 22,842). Sociodemographic features, self-rated health status, lifestyle habits, comorbid conditions, pain characteristics, and self-reported use of medications were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of all types of pain was significantly higher among women than men. For chronic neck pain, the figures were 25.68% vs 12.54%, for chronic low back pain, 27.03% vs 18.83%, and for migraine or frequent headaches, 15.93% vs 6.74%, in women and men, respectively. Predictors of these types of pain included female gender, advanced age, poor self-rated health, psychological distress, comorbidities, and obesity. The prevalence of neck pain and low back pain increased from 2009 to 2014 for both sexes, and the prevalence of migraine or frequent headaches remained stable over time.ConclusionsThe prevalence and intensity of all the forms of chronic pain were higher among women. Women experiencing pain used prescribed medications for pain, anxiety, and/or depression and sleeping pills more than men. The prevalence of chronic neck and low back has increased in the last five years in Spain, and the prevalence of migraine or frequent headaches has remained stable.© 2019 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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