• Xin Cheng, Ya-Jie Wang, Shuai Feng, Ya-Yun Wu, Tong-Hua Yang, and Xun Lai.
• Medical College of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China; Department of Hemato- logy, The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China.
• Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Apr 1; 26 (2): 626-630.

AbstractThe chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has gradually became a new trend in the treatment of refractory and relapsed hematologic malignancies by developing for 30 years. With the exciting development of genetic engineering, CAR-T technology has subjected to 4 generations of innovation. Structure of CAR-T started from a single signal molecule to 2 or more than 2 co-stimulatory molecules, and then coding the CAR gene or promoter. CAR-T can specifically recognize tumor antigens, and does not be restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC), thus making a breakthrough in clinical treatment. In this review, the history, structure and mechanism of action of CAR-T, as well as the current status and challenges of CAR-T immunotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma are summarized.

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