Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Noninvasive assisted pressure-controlled ventilation: as effective as pressure support ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is being increasingly used in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients but the most appropriate ventilation mode is still not known. ⋯ From these data, we deduce that APCV can be a better alternative to PSV for NIV in COPD patients with AHRF owing to its more beneficial physiological effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Inhaled corticosteroids as additional treatment in alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-related COPD.
No consistent data are available regarding the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in alpha(1)-antitrypsin-deficiency (AATD)-related COPD. Recent data report inflammatory effects of the polymers of alpha(1)-antitrypsin on the peripheral lung. ⋯ In AATD-related COPD patients (ZZ genotype) the addition of extra-fine ICS to LABAs decreases airway narrowing, mostly in the small airways, further reducing dynamic hyperinflation with a marked improvement in exercise tolerance and dyspnea, suggesting that a peripheral inflammatory process contributes to airflow obstruction in these patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of automatic and continuous positive airway pressure in a night-by-night analysis: a randomized, crossover study.
Long-term compliance is suboptimal in the treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). ⋯ Treatment efficacy and adherence are similar with CPAP and APAP. There is a trend towards lower leakage with APAP therapy. Patients prefer the automatic mode to fixed pressure.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in the management of acute bronchiolitis--a clinical trial.
A wide range of drugs are commonly used to treat bronchiolitis, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited. ⋯ Clinical scores and oxygen saturation levels improved more rapidly in the bronchodilator groups than in the placebo group up to 24 h, but these drugs did not have a sufficient effect to change the natural course of the disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Titration efficacy of two auto-adjustable continuous positive airway pressure devices using different flow limitation-based algorithms.
Auto-adjustable continuous positive airway pressure devices are widely used in titration procedures to determine therapeutic pressure levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients. However, differences in operational characteristics may influence the effect on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). ⋯ While the RR provided a lower AHI than the RS at lower pressure levels, it could not be assessed whether this difference was relevant for clinical outcomes. However, this face-to-face comparison of Auto-adjustable continuous positive airway pressure devices seems useful for the assessment of titration efficacy.