Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Benefits of an oxygen reservoir cannula versus a conventional nasal cannula during exercise in hypoxemic COPD patients: a crossover trial.
The Oxymizer® is a special nasal cannula that provides a higher luminal diameter in combination with an incorporated oxygen (O2) reservoir. It is assumed that a higher O2 concentration can be delivered breath by breath in order to increase oxygenation. ⋯ We show that O2 delivery via the Oxymizer is superior to a CNC with regard to endurance capacity and oxygenation during exercise in patients with severe COPD. It seems that patients with a higher demand for O2 (≥ 4 liters/min), in particular, may benefit more from the use of the Oxymizer.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of three cough-augmentation techniques in neuromuscular patients: mechanical insufflation combined with manually assisted cough, insufflation-exsufflation alone and insufflation-exsufflation combined with manually assisted cough.
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E), more commonly known as 'cough assist therapy', is a method which produces inspiratory and expiratory assistance to improve cough performances. However, other alternatives or combinations are possible. ⋯ Our results indicate that adding the MI-E device to MAC is unhelpful in patients whose PCF with an insufflation technique and MAC exceeds 5 liters/s. This is because the expiratory flow produced by the patient's effort and MAC transitorily exceeds the vacuum capacity of the MI-E device, which therefore becomes a transient load against the PCF.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of bronchodilators on regional lung sound distribution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Bronchodilators have been reported to influence regional lung ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which may change regional lung sound distribution. Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a lung imaging system for the assessment of breath sounds. ⋯ The additional use of an SABA by COPD patients improved their pulmonary function, which was accompanied by changes in regional lung air flow. The distribution of emphysematous lesions and the bronchial reactivity to SABA appeared to affect the redistribution of the lung sounds following bronchodilator administration.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Positive expiratory pressure via mask does not improve ventilation inhomogeneity more than huffing and coughing in individuals with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic sputum expectoration.
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) has been used to promote airway clearance in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for many years; however, its mechanism of action and benefits are unclear. Previous authors have suggested that PEP improves collateral ventilation via changes in lung volumes. ⋯ Any therapeutic benefits of PEP in individuals with COPD and chronic sputum expectoration are unlikely to be mediated by improvements in ventilation or lung volumes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Propofol versus midazolam in medical thoracoscopy: a randomized, noninferiority trial.
Hypoxemia is a surrogate marker for periprocedural endoscopic complications. There are no data comparing the safety of propofol sedation with another sedative regimen in medical thoracoscopy. ⋯ As assessed by the surrogate marker hypoxemia, propofol should not be considered the first choice for sedation in medical thoracoscopy.