Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Regional variation in survival following pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Although regional variation in outcome after adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is known, no clinical studies have assessed this in pediatric OHCA. ⋯ According to Japanese nationwide OHCA registry data there are significant regional variations in the outcome of pediatric OHCA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Urgent management of rapid heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter and left ventricular dysfunction: comparison of the ultra-short-acting β1-selective blocker landiolol with digoxin (J-Land Study).
A rapid heart rate (HR) during atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction often impairs cardiac performance. The J-Land study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β-blocker, with those of digoxin for swift control of tachycardia in AF/AFL in patients with LV dysfunction. ⋯ Landiolol was more effective for controlling rapid HR than digoxin in AF/AFL patients with LV dysfunction, and could be considered as a therapeutic option in this clinical setting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Remote ischemic pre-conditioning alleviates contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease.
Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is shown to preserve kidney function in patients at high risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), the effect in patients at low-moderate risk remains unknown. The preventive effects of RIPC in patients not at high risk of CI-AKI were examined, and biomarkers with anticipated roles in renal protection via RIPC investigated. ⋯ RIPC alleviates CI-AKI in patients at low-moderate risk. This effect might be mediated partly by decreasing oxidative stress and plasma ADMA level.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Chest-compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio era. Nationwide observational study.
The compression-to-ventilation ratio for basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was changed from 15:2 to 30:2, but there are few human studies comparing chest-compression-only CPR with standard CPR. ⋯ In the 30:2 CPR era, dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction contributed to an increase of chest-compression-only bystander CPR, supporting the use of chest-compression-only CPR for bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in all adults.