African health sciences
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African health sciences · Mar 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomised controlled trial of the effect of laryngeal mask airway manometry on postoperative sore throat in spontaneously breathing adult patients presenting for surgery at a university teaching hospital.
Laryngeal mask airways (LMAs) are widely used in anaesthesia and are considered to be generally safe. Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complication following LMA use and can be very distressing to patients. The use of an LMA cuff pressure of between 30 and 32cm of H2O in alleviating post-operative sore throat has not been investigated. ⋯ Among this population, reduction of LMA AMBU® AuraOnce™ intracuff pressure to 30-32cm H2O reduces the occurrence and severity of POST. The LMA cuff pressures should be measured routinely using manometry and reducing the intracuff pressures to 30-32 cm of H2O recommended as best practice.
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African health sciences · Mar 2019
Meta AnalysisThe efficacy and safety of 10 mg/day vortioxetine compared to placebo for adult major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis.
There is a growing interest in vortioxetine in major depressive disorder (MDD). ⋯ 10 mg/d vortioxetine was more effective, but easily induced nausea and constipation when compared to placebo for MDD in adult.
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African health sciences · Mar 2019
Meta AnalysisIL-18 polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis.
To investigate the association between IL-18 polymorphisms and Tuberculosis(TB). ⋯ The present meta-analysis found no evidence for IL-18 -607C>A and -137G>C polymorphisms as risk factors for TB. Further large-scale and well-designed articles are still needed to validate this result.
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African health sciences · Mar 2019
ReviewReview of Leishmaniasis in the Middle East and North Africa.
Cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis are the most important protozoan infection in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). ⋯ There are many challenges facing the successful control of leishmaniasis. However, there is continuing research into the treatment of leishmaniasis and potentially vaccinations for the disease.
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Uganda's ageing population (age 50 years and older) will nearly double from 2015 to 2050. HIV/AIDS, diabetes, stroke among other disease processes have been studied in the elderly population. However, the burden of disease from surgically-treatable conditions is unknown. ⋯ There is disproportionately high need for surgical care among the ageing population of Uganda with approximately 700,000 consultations needed.