African health sciences
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of HIV prevalence among homosexual and bisexual men having sex with men (MSM) in India: Integrated bio-behavioural surveillance.
HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is 16.5 times higher than adult HIV prevalence. With a socio-cultural context that demands marriage, a considerable proportion of MSM in India have female sexual partners and act as a bridge population. Stratified analysis of HIV risk factors among homosexual and bisexual MSM will be instrumental in identifying the high-risk MSM. We aim to identify the socio-demographic and behavioural factors associated with HIV risk among homosexual and bisexual MSM. ⋯ Interventions for early identification of new MSM and advocacy for safe sex with alternative preventive techniques are recommended.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in combination with mammography for screening early-stage breast cancer.
To study the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in combination with mammography for screening early-stage breast cancer. ⋯ Mammography and DCE-MRI play key roles in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, and their combination can increase the diagnostic efficiency.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Associations of blood glucose, helper T cells and cytokine levels with degree of periodontal lesion in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients accompanied by chronic periodontitis.
To explore the associations of blood glucose with degree of periodontal lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by chronic periodontitis (CP). ⋯ High levels of FPG, HbA1c, IFN-γ and IL-17 are independent risk factors for T2DM accompanied by CP.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Challenges and recommendations for addressing under-five pneumonia morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.
Pneumonia is a severe infection and one of the most common causes of mortality among children under five years of age, when not appropriately managed. Infection of the lungs by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and consequent inflammation may lead to cough and difficult breathing. Some of the key predisposing factors are malnutrition and air pollution. WHO reports that Africa has the highest burden of global child mortality, and 16% of all deaths in pneumonia, were children under five years of age in 2016. ⋯ The results from this study highlight contextual issues playing major roles in pneumonia mortality among children in Nigeria, which will need approaches on several levels to address them.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Observation of the clinical effect of immediate implantation and delayed implantation in the maxillary and maxillary molars.
To study the clinical application effect of two kinds of implants in the upper and lower molars. ⋯ Both delayed restoration and immediate implant restoration can achieve good results in implant restoration treatment in the maxillary and maxillary molars. However, immediate implantation has certain advantages in reducing the amount of alveolar bone absorption and maintaining the aesthetic effect of the gums.