African health sciences
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Prevalence, influencing factors, and outcomes of emergency caesarean section in public hospitals situated in the urban state of Lagos, Nigeria.
Caesarean section (CS) performed in an emergency can be life-saving for both the pregnant woman and her baby. In Nigeria, CS rates have been estimated to be 2.7% nationally, with the highest regional rate of 7.0% reported in the South-West of the country. Our objective in this facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe patterns and assess factors, obstetric indications, and outcomes of emergency CS in Lagos, Nigeria. ⋯ Optimisation of CS rates requires a multi-pronged approach during pregnancy and childbirth, with particular emphasis on supporting pregnant women living in the suburbs.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Genotypic characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in gram negative bacterial contaminants of some door handles in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun state.
Nosocomial infections due to cross-transmission by microorganisms from inanimate surfaces have become a recognized public health problem. ⋯ This study revealed that door handles of different sections in hospital environment were contaminated by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria encoding ESBL genes.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Aflatoxin exposure in a population of HIV patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma North-Central, Nigeria.
Aflatoxin B1causes damage to the DNA by the alkylation of bases and P53 mutation. Exposure to this mycotoxin is associated with the development of liver cancer. Measures to reduce grain and cereal contamination have been a focus however, the effects of these measures are still lagging behind and exposure continues to occur even in populations at risk of developing liver cancer. ⋯ There is high prevalence of aflatoxin B1 exposure in this population. Concerted efforts must be put in place to mitigate exposure because of the potential effects of short- and long-term exposure to aflatoxin.
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There is little research on length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients post stroke in South African rehabilitation facilities. As LOS is an important indicator of cost-of-care, this information may be useful to all stakeholders. ⋯ Admission FIM score had an influence on patient outcomes and LOS. Patients with higher admission FIM motor scores may be able to participate in rehabilitation better and thus have shorter LOS. Being able to predict LOS on admission allows facility administrators to manage bed occupancy, human and clinical resources in post stroke rehabilitation.
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African health sciences · Jun 2023
Clinical application of optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic macular edema.
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is characterized by a retinal thickening or hard exudation deposition in the fundus microvasculature, capillary leakage, increased vascular permeability, extracellular fluid accumulation in the fovea of a foveal disc. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new item of fundus structure examination. OCTA is to reconstruct the retinal choroidal vascular structure from the continuous same cross-sectional views and blood flow signals obtained by optical scanning, thereby obtaining an image. It is very significant to evaluate, diagnose, treat and manage the disease.