African health sciences
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialPASCAL laser platform produces less pain responses compared to conventional laser system during the panretinal photocoagulation: a randomized clinical trial.
Most of patients experience pain during the panretinal photocoagulation(PRP). Laser photocoagulation delivery has advanced with the introduction of pattern-scanning laser systems (PASCAL). Shorter pulse duration and less choroidal penetration believed to reduce pain during the laser treatment. ⋯ PASCAL laser significantly alleviates pain levels possibly due to the shorter laser pulse duration and lower intensity.
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialImpact of weight reduction on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually related to vascular problems and is associated with impairment in endothelial function characterized by impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation and increased platelet adhesion. There is limitation in clinical studies that have addressed the beneficial effects of weight reduction in modulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and adipokines dysregulation for obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ Within the limit of this study, 10% reduction in body mass index modulates insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients.
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialWalking as a feasible means of effecting positive changes in BMI, waist, and blood pressure in black South African women.
In the context of a growing obesity pandemic in sub-Saharan African countries little is known on how to address the problem /disease in the region. ⋯ Our data demonstrates that positive changes in BMI, waist, and BP were observed in the intervention group, indicating the potential scalability of the intervention.
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African health sciences · Sep 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA randomized control trial comparing train of four ratio > 0.9 to clinical assessment of return of neuromuscular function before endotracheal extubation on critical respiratory events in adult patients undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary hospital in Nairobi.
There is increasing evidence that the incidence of postoperative residual paresis after using neuromuscular blockers ranges from 24 to 50% in post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and is associated with postoperative complications such as critical respiratory events as evidenced by hypoxia, hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring (such as the assessment of Train of four (TOF) ratio) and reversal of neuromuscular blockers has been shown to reduce postoperative residual paresis. There are very few outcome studies on effect of residual paresis in PACU. There is a paucity of published randomized controlled trials investigating whether using a TOF ratio ≥0.9 before endotracheal extubation compared to clinical assessment of return of neuromuscular function reduces the incidence of critical respiratory events in PACU. ⋯ Among this population, there is a lower incidence of critical respiratory events in PACU with the use of neuromuscular monitoring using TOF ratio ≥0.9 to assess neuromuscular function before endotracheal extubation compared with the use of clinical assessment methods.
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African health sciences · Mar 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialInflammatory cytokines and immune system modulation by aerobic versus resisted exercise training for elderly.
Aging is characterized with immunosenescence associated with a hyper-inflammatory state, characterized by elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Physical exercise is a potential strategy for improving the immune system dysfunction and chronic inflammation that accompanies aging. However, there is a need to differentiate between aerobic and resistance exercise training regarding human immune system and systemic inflammation among the elderly Saudi population. ⋯ The current study provides evidence that aerobic exercise is more appropriate in modulating the immune system and inflammatory markers among the elderly population.