The journal of hand surgery Asian-Pacific volume
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J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol · Sep 2020
ReviewManagement of Birth Brachial Plexus Injury Including Use of Distal Nerve Transfers.
Birth Brachial plexus injury continues to remain a problem despite significant care from obstetricians to prevent it. Many children show spontaneous recovery but a significant proportion do not have adequate recovery. ⋯ Surgical strategy consists of primary intraplexal repair as the standard of care but of late the distal nerve transfers used in adult plexus injuries are increasingly being used in infants too. We discuss the history, current usage and pros and cons of distal nerve transfers, the usage of Botulinum Toxin and finally given an overall algorithm for the management.
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Scaphoid fracture is the most common carpal fracture. Nonunion rate has been reported around 10 to 15% of scaphoid fractures. Risk factors for scaphoid nonunion are known as location, displacement, poor vascularity, time to treatment etc. ⋯ To improve bony union, many surgical procedures including various forms of bone grafting have been developed and attempted. However, there is a controversy about which procedure is the most effective. In this review, we provide an overview of surgical treatment methods for scaphoid nonunion and discuss proper surgical strategies for scaphoid nonunion which requires surgical management.