Nephron. Physiology
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2010
Comparative StudyThe comparative benefits of the fractional excretion of urea and sodium in various azotemic oliguric states.
The fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea) may result in more reliable in the determination of renal function than sodium in the presence of oliguric azotemia; however, its usefulness remains controversial, perhaps due to an evolving understanding of urea transport within the kidney. ⋯ The FeUrea appears more accurate in patients receiving diuretics; however, the FeNa may have an advantage in patients with infection.
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2010
Cognitive profile of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis patients without dementia.
The high risk and prevalence of dementia among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in those receiving hemodialysis (HD) may be preceded by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to assess cognitive function in CKD and HD patients with no history of stroke or dementia, in order to identify and characterize early cognitive deficits. ⋯ Predialysis CKD and HD patients have a high prevalence of MCI despite normal global cognitive function. MCI was more prevalent among the HD patients and deficits more frequently resulted in non-amnestic MCI.
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2010
Improving the management of chronic kidney disease in Uruguay: a National Renal Healthcare Program.
Uruguay has implemented a chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention program. ⋯ Our results highlight the best management of CKD patients in both groups and the impact of the NC and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers.
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2009
Comparative StudyHepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis: the 'no-isolation' policy should not be generalized.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne viral infection in haemodialysis. It causes significant morbidity and long-term mortality. Practice of universal precautions has been reported to be sufficient to prevent HCV seroconversion in dialysis units. ⋯ In the previous study without isolation practices, the HCV seroconversion rate in transplanted patients was 36.2%. The hazard of HCV seroconversion was 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.02, p = 0.2) for each additional dialysis and 1.09 (95% CI 0.88-1.36, p = 0.37) for each additional blood transfusion. The study concludes that isolation of HCV-infected patients during haemodialysis significantly decreases the HCV seroconversion rate.