Nephron. Physiology
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2007
Long-term outcome of paediatric renal transplantation: follow-up of 300 children from 1973 to 2000.
To report our experience of paediatric renal transplantation at Great Ormond Street and Royal Free Hospitals since the inception of the programme. ⋯ The outlook for successful transplantation is improving, and in the last decade was unaffected by age at transplantation. The survival of living-related donor transplants is superior to deceased-donor transplants for the first 5 years. From the above data, we can predict that a 10-year-old child receiving a renal transplant in 2000 and on ciclosporin-based immunosuppression can expect a transplant half-life of 13.1 years from a living-related donor and one of 10.8 years from a deceased-donor transplant.
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2007
Comparative StudyA practical method of measuring glomerular filtration rate by iohexol clearance using dried capillary blood spots.
Exogenous tracer-based methods of measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are difficult to perform, whilst creatinine-based estimation formulae are inaccurate. ⋯ Blood spot iohexol clearance provides a potentially practical method of estimating GFR accurately in large-scale epidemiological studies especially among individuals without established chronic kidney disease.
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2007
A continuous and non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring system in dialysis patients.
As symptomatic intradialytic hypotension in the hemodialysis (HD) patient is often a sudden event whose onset cannot be predicted by means of extemporary measures, continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement would be far more useful. We tested a new continuous noninvasive BP monitoring system, Harmonized Alert Sensing Technology (HASTE), which, by means of the analysis of the finger pulse wave, obtained from an O2 sensor, estimates a beat-to-beat systolic pressure value (Esys) and supplies a continuous read-out. The study aim sought to verify the reliability of this non-invasive instrument in continuously providing systolic pressure values during HD. ⋯ A good correlation between the data estimated by HASTE compared with invasive BP suggests that the instrument may prove useful for continuously monitoring the blood pressure trends during the dynamic hemodialysis situation. However, its sensibility needs to be improved in order to be used indifferently in both arms with a view to achieving real intradialytic hypotension prevention.
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Nephron. Physiology · Jan 2007
Renal sodium-glucose cotransporter activity and aquaporin-2 expression in rat kidney during chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition.
The renal sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) and the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) play a critical role in tubular sodium and water reabsorption and in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume both in physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. However, there is little information about SGLT2 and AQP2 expression and/or activity in hypertension and there are no reports during hypertension induced by chronic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. ⋯ We propose that in rats in which hypertension is induced by NOS inhibition, SGLT2 activity and AQP2 expression are modified to compensate for the elevated arterial pressure. However, we cannot discount the possibility that the observed changes are due to the decrease in NO production itself.
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To assess changes in renal vascular resistance (RVR) in human and experimental sepsis and to identify determinants of RVR. ⋯ Changes in RVR during sepsis in humans are unknown. In experimental sepsis, several factors not directly related to sepsis per se appear to influence the RVR. A high cardiac output and the use of large animals predict a decreased RVR, while a decreased cardiac output and the use of small animals predict an increased RVR.