Medicina clinica
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Bronchiectasis is a clinical-radiological condition composed of irreversible bronchial dilation due to inflammation and infection of the airways, which causes respiratory symptoms, usually productive cough and infectious exacerbations. Bronchiectasis can have multiple causes, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and its clinical presentation is very heterogenous. ⋯ Chronic bacterial bronchial infection is common, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the pathogen that has been found to imply a worse prognosis. Treatment of bronchiectasis has three fundamental characteristics: it must be multidisciplinary (involvement of several specialties), pyramidal (from primary care to the most specialized units) and multidimensional (management of all aspects that make up the disease).
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Frailty, sarcopenia and osteoporosis are entities specific to the elderly, who share some risk factors. For this reason, their relationship has been studied in different works, which have provided disparate results, probably because these studies have not always focused on the same aspects. This article reviews the relationship of frailty and sarcopenia with osteoporosis.
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Heart failure is a pathological condition characterized by substantial prevalence and mortality, particularly in the Western world. Over recent decades, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have emerged, significantly enhancing patient survival and overall quality of life. Moreover, advancements in diverse imaging modalities facilitate precise diagnosis and comprehensive investigation into the fundamental etiology, enabling the development of more precise therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, discernible gaps persist in comprehending specific facets of this condition, albeit persistent research endeavors seek to elucidate these inquiries.
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Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is considered the best method for obtaining a reliable estimation of the true blood pressure. Average values obtained during the whole 24-hour period, or during daytime and nighttime periods are better correlated with the risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease compared to clinic or office blood pressure. ⋯ ABPM is complementary to clinic blood pressure measurement and allows the definition of blood pressure phenotypes, such as "white-coat or masked hypertension, when clinic and ABPM measurements show discrepancy in normal values. Additional potentially relevant features include blood pressure variability, such as nocturnal blood pressure decline, morning surge or short-term variability, as determined by standard deviation or the coefficient of variation.