Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
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Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not had it before. Before measles vaccine became available in 1963, major epidemic occurred approximately every 2 to 3 years and thus 99% of the people were thought to have been infected naturally with measles virus and got immune for life. ⋯ As vaccination coverage increases, the average age of measles infection can change to adolescents and young adults. In addition, the protective antibodies derived from vaccination might decrease gradually, and the risk of measles infection in young adults is increasing regardless of international travelling.
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The liver is an essential organ that is primarily responsible for digestion and eliminating toxic substances from the body. After the industrial revolution, Western diet and lifestyle changes have increased the incidence of several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD and NASH are mostly asymptomatic at early stages, and the disease progression from NAFLD to life-threatening HCC remains not fully understood. ⋯ CDR1 and circ_0067934 can facilitate the invasion and metastasis of HCC, while circMTO1 negatively regulates the progression of HCC. Although several research works have been conducted, the whole picture of circRNA-related underlying mechanisms is unclear. Future works using high-throughput bioinformatic approaches will be needed to delineate the role of circRNAs in liver diseases and to further develop novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Lung cancer (LC) is a major killer disease globally. This situation is further supported by yearly increase in new LC cases and its poor 5-year survival which is less than 15%. Although a large percentage of LC cases have been attributed to smoking, a considerable amount of nonsmokers also develops this disease, thereby suggesting a genetic and/or epigenetic undertone to LC development. ⋯ Therefore, this review will discuss important ncRNAs, namely miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in LC progression. Paracrine effect of exosomal ncRNA will be also reviewed. In addition, the prospect of these ncRNAs in enhancing better LC treatment will be highlighted as well.