Chinese medical journal
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Chinese medical journal · Oct 2021
ReviewAlterations in the oral microbiome in HIV infection: causes, effects and potential interventions.
A massive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes has been described in early and acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, leading to an imbalance between the human microbiome and immune responses. In recent years, a growing interest in the alterations in gut microbiota in HIV infection has led to many studies; however, only few studies have been conducted to explore the importance of oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals. Evidence has indicated the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in people living with HIV (PLWH). ⋯ In this article, we review the composition of the oral microbiome in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and the possible effect of oral microbiome on HIV-associated oral diseases. We also discuss how ART and probiotics influence the oral microbiome in HIV infection. We believe that a deeper understanding of composition and function of the oral microbiome is critical for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for HIV infection.
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Chinese medical journal · Oct 2021
ReviewIntravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with extended time window.
Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is an effective way for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, its effects have not been established among AIS patients with unclear stroke symptoms or with stroke onset for >4.5 h. ⋯ Use of IVT in patients with extended time window may improve their functional outcomes at 90 days, although IVT may induce increased risk of sICH. Care of these patients should well balance the potential benefits and harms of IVT.
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Chinese medical journal · Oct 2021
ReviewVertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: propositions and future directions.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to vertical transmission remains a critical concern with regards to eliminating HBV infection. Implementation of hepatitis B vaccine, the foundation to prevent perinatal and horizontal transmission, has reduced the prevalence of HBV by >80%. In countries where the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is available, such as China and the United States, the administration of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine to the infants of mothers who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen has become a standard practice and is effective in preventing vertical transmission. ⋯ In particular, there is a clear need for a comprehensive long-term safety profile of antiviral prophylaxis. Therefore, feasible and cost-effective preventive strategies need to be determined across regions. Access also needs to be scaled up to meet the demands for prophylaxis and prevalence targets.
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Chinese medical journal · Oct 2021
ReviewMolecular mechanism and therapeutic targeting of necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in cardiovascular disease.
Cell death occurs in various tissues and organs in the body. It is a physiological or pathological process that has different effects. It is of great significance in maintaining the morphological function of cells and clearing abnormal cells. ⋯ The heart, as the most important organ of the body, should be a particular focus. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the various cell death modes and the relationship between the various mechanisms and heart diseases. The current research status for heart therapy is discussed from the perspective of pathogenesis.