Stem cells and development
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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the ability to form new blood vessels and protect ischemic tissues from damage. We previously reported that EPCs with low activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (Alde-Low EPCs) possess the greater ability to treat ischemic tissues compared with Alde-High EPCs. The expression level of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), HIF-1α and HIF-2α, was found to be greater in Alde-Low EPCs than in Alde-High EPCs. ⋯ The CXCR4 shRNA treatment in Alde-Low EPCs almost completely abrogated their migratory activity to ischemic tissues, whereas the reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed much less effect. The CXCR4 overexpression in Alde-High EPCs resulted in a partial, but significant improvement in their repairing ability in an ischemic skin flap. Collectively, these findings indicate that the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis, which is specifically regulated by HIF-2α, plays a crucial role in the regulation of EPC migration to ischemic tissues.