European neurology
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The aim of this study was to devise a new ischemic stroke (IS)/hemorrhagic stroke (HS) stroke score to distinguish IS from HS for emergency medical services (EMS). ⋯ KP3S is useful for distinguishing IS from HS and for the evaluation of stroke patients by EMS.
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Biography Historical Article
VladimirMikhailovic Bekhterev (1857-1927): strange circumstances surrounding the death of the great Russian neurologist.
The famous Russian neurologist Vladimir Mikhailovic Bekhterev (1857-1927) was ordered to examine Josef Stalin in December 1927 during the First All-Russian Neurological Congress in Moscow. Returning to the Congress after his consultation he told some colleagues that he had 'examined a paranoiac with a dry, small hand'. The next day, Bekhterev died and only his brain was examined postmortem, the body being cremated the same day.
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Various cerebral pathological changes have been reported to cause leukoaraiosis (LA). We hypothesized that circle of Willis (CoW) anomalies may contribute to LA in severe carotid artery stenosis victims through impaired cerebral autoregulation. We conducted a retrospective review on cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) patterns in patients with severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis and compared white matter lesion (WML) load between subjects with and without complete CoW. ⋯ Our results support the importance of a complete CoW since it may protect from WML in case of carotid stenosis.
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Review Historical Article
Possible sites of therapeutic action in restless legs syndrome: focus on dopamine and α2δ ligands.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder characterized by abnormal sensations that occur primarily at rest or during sleep, which are alleviated by movement of the affected limb. The pathophysiology of RLS remains unclear, although roles for dopamine dysfunction and brain iron deficiency have been proposed. ⋯ Modulation of central and peripheral neuronal circuits may also explain the potential therapeutic sites of action of opioids, adenosine receptor ligands, and voltage-gated calcium channel α(2)δ ligands in RLS. The known and possible therapeutic benefits of these agents and their relationship to dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS are discussed in this review.
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Multicenter Study
Effects of medial temporal atrophy and white matter hyperintensities on the cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
We conducted this study to investigate the independent association of medial temporal atrophy (MTA) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and the interaction between MTA and WMH. ⋯ MTA and WMH independently affected cognitive deficits in AD patients, with somewhat different patterns where MTA was associated mostly with memory and language, while WMH were associated with attention and frontal executive functions. This study also showed interactions between MTA and WMH on some cognitive deficits and dementia severity, suggesting that they synergistically contribute to cognitive impairment in AD.