Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)
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Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) · Oct 2013
ReviewClinicoradiologic evaluation of Eagle's syndrome and its management.
Eagle's syndrome (Elongated styloid process) is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatology. The diagnosis relies on detail history taking, palpation of styloid process in tonsillar fossa and imaging modalities. ⋯ Possibility of Eagle's syndrome should always be considered while examining patients with vague neck pain. 3D CT reconstruction is a gold standard investigation which helps in studying the relation of styloid process with surrounding structures along with accurate measurement of its length and medial angulation.
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Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) · Oct 2013
ReviewReview of cesarean section on maternal request in a tertiary care institute; scenario in developing country.
Mother requesting of caesarean reflects a belief among society that elective caesarean safer than vaginal delivery in term of fetus and mother. Although the study data neglecting the facts other skewed part in this issue is consideration of resources, as in developing countries, where maternal mortality is still high due to lack of adequate resources. Mother coming to obstetrician with mother's request should individualize in every case considering mother's argument, society and evidence base guideline.
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Transfusion of blood and blood components is a common practice in obstetric wards but it is not without risk. The incidence of transfusion reactions varies from 4 in every hundred transfusions for non-haemolytic reactions to one in every 40,000 for haemolytic transfusion reactions. The physiological basis of blood transfusion is outlined in this article. ⋯ Acute blood loss in obstetrics is usually due to placenta praevia, postpartum blood loss and surgery related. An early involvement of a consultant obstetrician, anaesthetist, haematologist and the blood bank is essential. There are no established criteria for initiating red cell transfusions and the decision is purely based on clinical and haematological parameters, which have been discussed along with the general principles of blood transfusion in obstetrics and some practical guidelines.