International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
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Mammalian tissues express at least two cannabinoid receptor types, CB1 and CB2, both G protein coupled. CB1 receptors are found predominantly at nerve terminals where they mediate inhibition of transmitter release. CB2 receptors occur mainly on immune cells, one of their roles being to modulate cytokine release. ⋯ This might be exploited clinically by using CB1, CB2 or CB1/CB2 agonists, or inhibitors of the membrane transport or catabolism of endocannabinoids that are released in increased amounts, at least in animal models of pain and multiple sclerosis. We have recently discovered the presence of an allosteric site on the CB1 receptor. Consequently, it may also prove possible to enhance 'autoprotective' effects of released endocannabinoids with CB1 allosteric enhancers or, indeed, to reduce proposed 'autoimpairing' effects of released endocannabinoids such as excessive food intake with CB1 allosteric antagonists.
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Review Meta Analysis
Crossvalidation of anthropometry against magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children.
The study of the relationship between anthropometry and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is of great interest because VAT is associated with many risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and anthropometry is easy to perform in clinical practice. The studies hitherto available for children have, however, been performed on small sample sizes. ⋯ WC can be considered a good predictor of VAT as well as BMI of SAT. The importance of ethnicity and gender on VAT estimation is not negligible.
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While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly related to obesity, few studies have examined polysomnographic (PSG) changes with major weight loss. We examined the effect of weight loss following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) on the PSG changes in patients with severe OSA. In addition, we studied daytime sleepiness, the metabolic syndrome and quality of life (QOL). ⋯ Weight loss provides major improvement or resolution of OSA and CPAP requirements. It also reduces daytime sleepiness, and improves the metabolic syndrome and QOL. LAGB placement should be considered a broadly effective therapy for sleep apnea in the severely obese patient.
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To investigate the associations of birth weight, body mass index (BMI) during childhood and youth, and current BMI with adult lung function. ⋯ Our findings confirm the detrimental effect of high current BMI on adult lung function, and further suggest that early childhood growth has a protective influence.
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To assess the effect of weight change on the relationship between coffee and tea consumption and diabetes risk. ⋯ The negative relationship between diabetes risk and consumption of ground coffee and regular tea, observed for all NHEFS subjects, actually only applied to nonelderly adults who had previously lost weight.