International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
-
Recent studies have suggested that obesity might be protective in specific conditions such as critical illness; however, there are controversial data in critically ill children with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of obesity with mortality and other outcomes in these patients. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating obesity in critically ill children, published by August 2017 in PubMed and Scopus. ⋯ There were no differences in ICU LOS (95% CI -0.19 to 0.01, P = 0.083) and duration of MV (95% CI -0.22 to 0.03, P = 0.136) between critically ill children with and without obesity. In conclusion, the current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that critically ill children with obesity have higher risk of mortality and length of hospital stay compared to the group without obesity. Further prospective studies are essential to elucidate the role of obesity and underlying mechanisms in predicting outcomes of critically ill children.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Effects of bariatric surgery on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial function: a meta-analysis of literature studies.
Several studies confirmed a significantly increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate-mediated dilation (NMD) in obese subjects, but few data are available on the effects of bariatric surgery on these markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk. We performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating changes in IMT, FMD and NMD in obese patients after bariatric surgery. ⋯ Despite heterogeneity among studies, bariatric surgery is associated with improvement of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial function. These effects may significantly contribute to the reduction of the CV risk after bariatric surgery.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Calorie-labelling: does it impact on calorie purchase in catering outlets and the views of young adults?
Calorie-labelling of meals has been suggested as an antiobesity measure, but evidence for impact is scarce. It might have a particular value for young adults, when weight gain is most rapid. A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of calorie-labelling on calories purchased. ⋯ Nearly half (46%) said they would welcome calorie information in catering settings and on alcoholic drinks. Females opposing to calorie-labelling were heavier to those who did not (64.3 kg vs. 61.9 kg, P=0.03; BMI=22.4 kg m(-2) vs. 21.7 kg m(-2), P=0.02). In conclusion, the limited evidence supports a valuable effect from clearly visible calorie-labelling for obesity prevention, and it appears an attractive strategy to many young adults.
-
In heart failure (HF), obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg m(-2), is paradoxically associated with higher survival rates compared with normal-weight patients (the 'obesity paradox'). We sought to determine if the obesity paradox differed by HF subtype (reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF)). ⋯ In patients with chronic HF, the obesity paradox was present in both those with reduced and preserved ventricular systolic function. Mortality in both HF subtypes was U-shaped, with a nadir at 30.0-34.9 kg m(-2).
-
Review Meta Analysis
The impact of cesarean section on offspring overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Studies have reported inconsistent results concerning the association of cesarean section with offspring obesity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether cesarean section increases the risk of later overweight and obesity. Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science were searched using different combinations of two groups of keywords: 'cesarean' and 'overweight/obesity'. ⋯ The ORs for children, adolescents and adults all tended to be lower for high-quality studies compared with medium-quality studies. Our results indicated that cesarean section was moderately associated with offspring overweight and obesity. This finding has public health implications, given the increase in cesarean births in many countries.