Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
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The understanding of immune checkpoint molecules' co-expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCLC) is important to potentially design combinatorial immunotherapy approaches. ⋯ We found frequent immunohistochemical co-expression of immune checkpoints in surgically resected NCLC tumors and correlated with tumor histology, smoking history, tumor size, and the density of inflammatory cells and tumor mutational status.