Neonatology
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Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is a well-studied treatment for respiratory problems in preterm infants. However, the best strategy for NCPAP weaning is unknown. ⋯ Sudden wean of NCPAP was associated with a lower PMA at successful wean compared to pressure wean but also with a lower rate of successful wean at first attempt, most likely because of the developmental stage at which weaning is possible.
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Bioreactance cardiac output (CO) monitors are able to non-invasively and continuously monitor CO. However, as a novel tool to measure CO, it must be proven to be accurate and precise. ⋯ Bioreactance cannot be considered interchangeable with transthoracic echocardiography to measure CO in preterm infants during the transition phase. Agreement between bioreactance and other CO metrics should be assessed before concluding its accuracy or inaccuracy in neonates.
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In previous piglet experiments of profound asphyxia and cardiac arrest, recovery was similar when 21 and 100% oxygen were used for positive pressure ventilation (PPV). There was no consistent reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress in piglets ventilated with 21 or 100% oxygen. ⋯ Resuscitation with 18% oxygen did not result in differences in inflammation and oxidative stress when compared to 21 or 100% oxygen.
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Meta Analysis
Epidural-Related Fever and Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
While epidural analgesia (EA) is associated with maternal fever during labor, the impact on the risk for maternal and/or neonatal sepsis is unknown. ⋯ EA increases the risk of intrapartum fever and maternal antibiotic treatment. However, a definite conclusion on whether EA increases the risk for a proven maternal and/or neonatal bacteremia cannot be drawn due to the low quality of data. Further research on whether epidural-related intrapartum fever is of infectious origin or not is therefore needed.
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Case Reports
Neonates Hospitalized with Community-Acquired SARS-CoV-2 in a Colorado Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has been well described in adults. Further, the impact on older children and during the perinatal time is becoming better studied. As community spread increases, it is important to recognize that neonates are vulnerable to community spread as well. The impact that community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 has in the neonatal time period is unclear, as this population has unique immunity considerations. ⋯ Infants with community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 may require hospitalization due to rule-out sepsis guidelines if found to have fever and/or hypoxia. Caregivers of neonates should exercise recommended guidelines before contact with neonates to limit community spread of SARS-CoV-2 to this potentially vulnerable population, including isolation, particularly as asymptomatic cases become prevalent.