Medicina
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After the implementation of mitigation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of respiratory viruses, including human coronaviruses (HCoV), experienced a significant decrease. The aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiology and clinical aspects of HCoV infections in ambulatory adults during COVID-19 pandemic times. ⋯ Endemic HCoV caused a significant proportion of URTI among outpatient adults during COVID-19-related restrictions times. An alternating pattern of circulation between alfa-HCoV and beta-HCoV was observed.
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Case Reports Comparative Study
Pulmonary strain and end-expiratory lung volume during apnea test: a comparative analysis using electrical impedance tomography.
The apnea test, employed for brain death assessment, aims to demonstrate the absence of respiratory drive due to hypercapnia. The tracheal oxygen insufflation apnea test mode (I-AT) involves disconnecting the patient from invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV) for approximately 8 minutes while maintaining oxygenation. This test supports the diagnosis of brain death based on a specified increase in PaCO2. ⋯ In our case series utilizing electrical impedance tomography (EIT), we observed that continuous positive airway pressure during the apnea test (CPAP-AT) effectively mitigated lung collapse. This resulted in improved pulmonary strain compared to the disconnection of iMV. These findings suggest the potential benefits of routine CPAP-AT, particularly for potential lung donors, emphasizing the relevance of our study in providing quantitative insights into EELV loss and its association with pulmonary strain and potential lung injury.
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Case Reports
Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: a case report highlighting uncommon complication.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by elevated levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the interpretation of diagnostic tests, such as serum calcium and PTH levels, is complex in pregnant women. The aim of this report is to present a case of PHTP in a pregnant adolescent, with a special emphasis on an uncommon complication, as well as diagnostic and treatment strategies. ⋯ PHPT is an infrequent condition in the pregnant population, and its diagnosis can be challenging due to the overlap of symptoms with normal physiological changes during pregnancy. The occurrence of uncommon complications, such as thrombotic phenomena, highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to ensure early detection and management. In most cases, parathyroidectomy is the treatment of choice.
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The outbreak of monkeypox occurred in 2022 and led to a fast spread of the disease worldwide. The goal of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, virological and evolving characteristics of the disorder. ⋯ It is important to suspect the disease in subjects with high-risk sexual practices and a consistent clinical presentation. Swab samples of lesions as well as of scabs have proven useful for the diagnosis.
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Although therapeutic advances have improved results of cutaneous melanoma (CM), sentinel node-positive patients still have substantial risk to develop recurrent disease. We aim to investigate prognostic indicators associated with disease recurrence in positive-sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) patients in a Latin-American population. ⋯ Primary tumor and SN features in melanoma provide important prognostic information that help optimize prognosis and clinical management. AS is now the preferred approach for most positive-SLNB CM patients.