International emergency nursing
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of family presence on pain and anxiety during invasive nursing procedures in an emergency department: A randomized controlled experimental study.
Patients generally prefer to have their family present during medical or nursing interventions. Family presence is assumed to reduce anxiety, especially during painful interventions. ⋯ Family presence does not influence the participants' pain and anxiety during an invasive nursing procedure. Thus, the decision regarding family presence during such procedures should be based on patient preference.