Chest
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To determine the utility of routine triage pulse oximetry screening in emergency department (ED) patients. ⋯ Providing physicians with routine triage pulse oximetry measurements resulted in significant changes in medical treatment of these patients.
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Review Multicenter Study
Treatment of complicated pleural fluid collections with image-guided drainage and intracavitary urokinase.
We report the results of image-guided catheter drainage with adjunctive enzymatic pleural debridement in the treatment of empyemas and other complicated pleural fluid collections. ⋯ Image-guided drainage with adjunctive pleural urokinase therapy is a safe and effective method of closed thoracostomy drainage of complicated pleural fluid collections and can obviate surgery in most cases.
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Inflammatory cytokines (ICs) are important modulators of injury and repair. ICs have been found to be elevated in the BAL of patients with both early and late ARDS. We tested the hypothesis that recurrent injury to the alveolocapillary barrier and amplification of intra-alveolar fibroproliferation observed in nonresolving ARDS is related to a persistent inflammatory response. For this purpose, we obtained serial measurements of BAL IC and correlated these levels with lung injury score (LIS), BAL indexes of endothelial permeability (albumin, total protein [TP]), and outcome. ⋯ Our findings indicate that an unfavorable outcome in ARDS is associated with an initial, exaggerated, pulmonary inflammatory response that persists unabated over time. Plasma IC levels parallel changes in BAL IC levels. The BAL:plasma ratio results suggest, but do not prove, a pulmonary origin for IC production. BAL TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 levels correlated with BAL indices of endothelial permeability. In survivors, reduction in BAL IC levels over time was associated with a decline in BAL albumin and TP levels, suggesting effective repair of the endothelial surface. These findings support a causal relationship between degree and duration of lung inflammation and progression of fibroproliferation in ARDS.