Chest
-
To compare pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PCIRV) with volume-controlled ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (VCV PEEP) at equal levels of end-expiratory alveolar pressure. The primary focus of the study was on pulmonary epithelial permeability. Histologic and gravimetric indicators of lung injury were also studied. ⋯ The observations reported in this article imply that PCIRV causes an alteration in lung epithelial or membrane function in comparison to VCV PEEP. This functional difference is most likely caused by the large time-adjusted lung volume produced by pressure control in combination with a prolonged inspiration. It remains to be established whether this early functional effect of PCIRV is relevant with regard to structural lung injury in mechanically ventilated subjects.
-
Multicenter Study
Predicting the duration of mechanical ventilation. The importance of disease and patient characteristics.
To analyze the determinants of an individual patient's duration of mechanical ventilation and assess interhospital variations for average durations of ventilation. ⋯ For patients admitted to the ICU and ventilated on day 1, total duration of ventilation is primarily determined by admitting diagnosis and degree of physiologic derangement as measured by APS. An equation developed using multivariate regression techniques can accurately predict average duration of ventilation for groups of ICU patients, and we believe this equation will be useful for comparing ventilator practices between ICUs, controlling for patient differences in clinical trials of new therapies or weaning techniques, and as a quality improvement mechanism.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Corticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.
Although several studies on tuberculous (TB) pleurisy suggest that the addition of corticosteroids to anti-TB therapy may have beneficial effects, these agents are not used routinely. To assess the effects of short-term oral prednisone therapy in TB pleurisy, 74 patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to treatment with either placebo or prednisone at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg/d for up to 4 weeks with gradual reduction over an additional 2 weeks. All subjects received a standard 3-drug anti-TB chemotherapy regimen for 6 months. ⋯ Initial complete drainage of the effusion was associated with greater symptomatic improvement than any subsequent therapy. We conclude that standard anti-TB therapy and early complete drainage is adequate for the treatment of TB pleurisy. The addition of short-term oral prednisone therapy neither results in clinically relevant earlier symptom relief nor confers a beneficial effect on residual pleural thickening.
-
Multicenter Study
Interobserver reliability of the chest radiograph in community-acquired pneumonia. PORT Investigators.
To evaluate the interobserver reliability of pulmonary radiographic findings in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). ⋯ In patients with CAP, two university radiologists identified the presence of infiltrate, multilobar disease, and pleural effusion with fair to good interobserver reliability. However, interobserver reliability for the pattern of infiltrate and the presence of air bronchograms was poor.