Chest
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparative physiologic effects of noninvasive assist-control and pressure support ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.
To compare the effects of noninvasive assist-control ventilation (ACV) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) by nasal mask on respiratory physiologic parameters and comfort in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). ⋯ During NIV for AHRF using settings adapted to patient's clinical tolerance and mask air leaks, both ACV and PSV mode provide respiratory muscle rest and similarly improve breathing pattern and gas exchange. However, these physiologic effects are achieved with a lower inspiratory workload but at the expense of a higher respiratory discomfort with ACV than with PSV mode.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ultrasonic nebulization of albuterol is no more effective than jet nebulization for the treatment of acute asthma in children.
Nebulizer systems used to generate therapeutic aerosols vary in their ability to deliver medication to the airway. In a recent study in 17 adults with stable asthma, albuterol given using an ultrasonic nebulizer (UN) appeared to produce greater bronchodilatation than the same dose of albuterol given by a jet nebulizer (JN). The purpose of this study was to determine if the UN used in that study would produce a better bronchodilator response in children with acute asthma than the JN system that has been in use at Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital. ⋯ For the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma in children, there is no greater bronchodilator response when albuterol is administered by a UN than by a JN.
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Review Case Reports
Movement disorders associated with withdrawal from high-dose intravenous haloperidol therapy in delirious ICU patients.
Intravenous haloperidol is recommended as the drug of choice to treat delirium in ICU patients. Movement disorders and other adverse events commonly occur with oral haloperidol use but are rarely seen with IV haloperidol use, and withdrawal symptoms have not been reported with short-term ICU use. We describe self-limited dyskinesia during withdrawal of high-dose continuous IV haloperidol therapy in five ICU patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of inhaled albuterol and ipratropium bromide on autonomic control of the cardiovascular system.
Systemic administration of beta-agonist and anticholinergic drugs markedly impair normal autonomic heart rate control. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of therapeutic doses of inhaled albuterol and ipratropium on autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. ⋯ Inhalation of four puffs of albuterol (400 microg) or ipratropium (80 microg) does not alter the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in young, healthy male subjects.