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OSA is found commonly in the elderly population (≥65 years old), and CPAP improves sleepiness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the middle-aged population; however, data about its efficacy in elderly patients are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CPAP for sleepiness, HRQoL, mood, and cognition in elderly patients with OSA. ⋯ Although CPAP therapy reportedly results in important clinical differences in sleepiness, HRQoL, and mood and a slight improvement in neurocognitive tests, concerns regarding the RoB and quality of the evidence do not support the benefit in all patients.